...The idea of litigation as recovery was raised again by a West Coast-based therapist, Gerald Gray, who had been counseling survivors of political torture. Gray had attended a talk by a human rights lawyer, Paul Hoffman, who represented three young Ethiopian women who had suffered torture during the Red Terror in their country. After fleeing Ethiopia, one of the women found refuge and work in Atlanta, Georgia. But in a terrible surprise, the man who had tortured her had done the same. With the help of two nonprofit organizations, Center for Constitutional Rights, the ACLU, and local attorneys in Georgia, she and two of her compatriots sued him, ultimately winning a $1.5 million judgment and secured his deportation. What little they collected, they donated to the NGOs that supported them. ...

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